Fluid-induced harm in the hospital: look beyond volume and start considering sodium. From physiology towards recommendations for daily practice in hospitalized adults

Abstract Purpose Iatrogenic fluid overload is a potential side effect of intravenous fluid therapy in the hospital.Little attention has been paid to sodium administration as a separate cause of harm.With this narrative review, we aim to substantiate the hypothesis that a considerable amount of fluid-induced harm is caused not only by fluid volume,

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